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(B3) Markers of Immunodeficiency and Mechanisms of HAART Therapy on Oral Lesions

S.R. Flint^1,*, A. Tappuni², J. Leigh³, A.-M. Schmidt-Westhausen⁴, and L. MacPhail⁵

¹ Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology, Dublin Dental School and Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
² Guy’s, King’s and St Thomas’ Dental Institute, Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
³ Louisiana State University Health Science Center, School of Dentistry, New Orleans, USA
⁴ Charité Zahnäartzliche Röntgenologie, Berlin, Germany; and
⁵ Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Medicine and Surgery, Temple University School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Correspondence: ^* corresponding author, stephen.flint{at}dental.tcd.ie

Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) has revolutionized the treatment and prognosis of HIV disease and AIDS in those who can take advantage of the treatment. There are currently 20 different anti-retroviral drugs in 4 different classes that are used in specific combinations. Suppression of HIV replication and immune reconstitution are goals of therapy. Since the prevalence of some easily detectable oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS (OMHIV/AIDS) decreases with HAART, it has been suggested that they might be clinically useful surrogate markers of HAART efficacy and immune status. This might be particularly useful if their recurrence presaged or accompanied HAART failure. To date, there has been little work in this area, but its potential value to the clinical management of HIV/AIDS is apparent, especially if frequent measures of viral load and CD4 cell counts are not readily available. However, the usefulness of OMHIV/AIDS as signals for HAART failure is complicated by three phenomena: the immune reconstitution syndrome, the similarity of some adverse reactions of HAART to OMHIV/AIDS, and the direct inhibitory effect of HAART medications on some OMHIV/AIDS (e.g., inhibition of oral candidosis by protease inhibitors). This workshop considered the current evidence and proposed pertinent research questions.

KEY WORDS: HAART • HIV • oral lesions • mucosal lesions • oral manifestations

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