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Dendritic Cells and HIV Infection: Activating Dendritic Cells to Boost Immunity

N. Teleshova^#, J. Kenney, and M. Robbiani^*

Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA

Correspondence: ^* corresponding author, mrobbiani{at}popcouncil.org

Dendritic cells (DCs) are white blood cells that coordinate innate and adaptive immunity. They are distributed within epithelia and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues, positioned to entrap incoming pathogens or vaccines. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the non-human primate equivalent (SIV) exploit DCs to amplify infection, underscoring the need to harness strategies that promote presentation of virus by DCs to stimulate potent anti-viral immunity instead of virus transmission. Two main subsets of DCs need to be considered: myeloid (MDC) and plasmacytoid (PDC) subsets. Using the SIV-macaque system to advance oral vaccine research, we examined macaque PDC and MDC biology, identifying ways to activate DCs and boost antiviral immunity. Immunostimulatory oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ISS-ODNs) stimulated PDC/MDC mixtures to up-regulate co-stimulatory molecule expression and to secrete both IFN- and IL-12. Additionally, ISS-ODNs augmented SIV-specific IFN-responses induced by virus-bearing DCs. ISS-ODN-driven DC activation is being pursued to improve oral/nasopharyngeal mucosal vaccines and therapies against HIV.

KEY WORDS: Dendritic cells • immunostimulatory oligodeoxyribonucleotides • SIV • macaque • immunity

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				M.C. Herzberg, A. Weinberg, and S.M. Wahl (C3) The Oral Epithelial Cell and First Encounters with HIV-1 Adv. Dent. Res., April 1, 2006; 19(1): 158 - 166. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]